Pistom



Feb. 5'; 19240 W. CHiLDERS PISTON Filed Oct. 31. 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 mventor M L (Vi/L @1566 l witness @Wow 61 Patented Feb. 5, i124.

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Parent cannon.

WILLIAM L. cnrLnEns, or earner, rLLm'ors, nssrenon, or oE'E-nnLE no ennnLEE LawEEn'cE wELLs, or armor, rLLtnoie.

Application filed @ctober $1, 11921. fierial N0. fillflfit't.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM L. CERS,

a citizen of the United States, residin at Quincy, in the county of Adams and tate of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pistons; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

i This invention relates to an improved piston which is especially, but not necessarily, designed for use in the cylinders of internal combustion engines of the type employed on automobiles.

The principal object of the invention is to generally improve upon devices of this class by provlding one of extreme simplicity and durability which is practical, strong, durable and comparatively inexpensive to both the manufacturer an the user.

Another and very important object of the invention is to provide a piston which is constructed of two detachable sections, which are easily and readily detached to permit replacement of either section, to permit the two sections to be constructed of difi'erent metals, and to decrease the weight of the pistons to a noticeable extent.

Another object of the invention is to provide a piston embodying the aforesaid disconnectible sections, each of said sections being formed with hemi-spherical portions, which when brought together form a socket in which a ball on the upper end of the con-- necting rod is adapted to be received, thus permitting free relative movement of the piston and connecting rod to compensate for disarrangement of the latter in cases of longitudinal play of the crank shaft. This orm of piston is therefore self-alining.

A further object of the invention is to employ a piston formedofseparate detachable sections which are spaced apart to permit'oil to pass through said space for efiectively lubricating the ball joint.

Dther objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent during the course of the following description. In the accompanying drawings formin a, part of this specification and in which llke numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same:

Figure 1 is a central vertical sectional view through a piston constructed in accordance with this. invention showing the same connected to a connecting rod.

lFi re 2 is a horizontal section taken substantlally on the plane of the line 2-2 of constructed of upper and lower sections 1 and 2 respectively, both of said sections being of the same diameter so as to snugly fit against the wall of the cylinder. The upper section carries a hemi-spherical portion 3 which is centrally disposed and integrally connected with the body portion by means of radial vertically disposed webs 4. This hemi-spherical portion 3 is formed with a screw-threaded part 5 and is provided with a plurality of circumierentially spaced oil ports 6. The remaining lower section of the piston, which is considerably greater in height than the section just described, is likewise formed with a hemispherical part 7 which co-acts with the first named hemi-spherical part to form a socket for reception of the ball 8. This hemispherical art 7 is connected with the body portion 0? the section by a horizontal web 9 and it is formed with an internally screwthreaded ring-like portion 10 with which the screw-threaded part5of the first named hemisphere is engaged. lit may be conveniently stated here that the hemisphere 7 is formed with an opening 11 for passage of the upper end of the connecting rod 12 and the web 9 is formed with an inwardly directed internally screw-threaded bore 13 through which a locking screw 14: passes. The inner end of this screw is designed to engage the lower adjacent part of the first named hemisphere 3 to prevent relative rotation of the piston sections, accidental rotation of the Screw itself being prevented by a'llock nut 15 with which it is provided.

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The hemisphere 7 is likewise provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced ports 16.

Referring now to the detail viewshown in Fig. 6 it will be seen that the aforesaid ball 8 is formed with a screw-threaded socket 17 into which the upper reduced screw-threaded and 18 of the connecting rod extends. A tapered lock pin 19 passes horizontally through the ball and reduced end 18 to prevent relative rotation and disconnection of these parts. It is yet to be stated that the upper section 1 of the piston is formed with a plurality of grooves 20 into which the piston packing rings are adapted to be seated.

With the form of construction described, it will be seen that a space 21 is formed between the sections to ermit passage of oil therethrough. 'The 011 then finds its way through the ports 6 and 16 for effectively lubricating the ball joints. It is also to be noted that a space 22 is formed between the hemispheres 3 and 7 to permit shims (not shown) to be arranged therein for compensating wear.

From the foregoing description, it will be seen that I have provided a piston which is capable of free movement relative to the connecting rod to permit free reci rocation of the piston in the cylinder wlthout any side thrust or binding. It will also be seen that the lower section of the piston can be. formed from metal which is substantially of the same thickness throughout its height, whereby equal expansion of the metal is practically insured. With the present types of pistons wherein the metal is thicker at certain points, unequal expansion occurs. Also, as before pointed out, free entrance of oil betwen the piston sections is permitted and effective lubrication of the ball and socket joint is secured. With a piston of the type shown and described, less metal will be required in constructing same, thus insuring inexpensiveness of construction and reducing the weight considerably. By constructing the piston of quick detachable sections, either one or the other of said sections can be-easily and readily replaced and this will be less expensive to car owners in that it" will not require the replacement of the entire piston as is now the case. The space between the sections in addition to permitting entrance of the lubricant also functions to prevent the sections from becoming overheated. Consequently, undue expansion of the latter is prevented and a. more accurate fit of the piston in the cylinder is insured. By connecting the hemispherical parts with the body portions through the medium of comparatively thin webs, a small portion of the heat is conducted through these to said portions. These and other advantages and features oil which are brought about by the novel construction of piston herein shown and described have, no doubt, been made apparent by the foregoing description when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings. Therefore, a more lengthy and detailed description is thought unnecessary.

Since probably the best results may be obtained with the construction and arrangement herein shown and described, this is taken as the preferred embodiment of. the invention. However, I wish it to be understood that minor changes coming within the scope of the invention as claimed may be resorted to if desired.

I claim:

1. A piston comprising upper and lower sections of the same diameter provided with cylinder bearing surfaces and involving an interior chamber, said upper section being formed with a plurality of grooves for the reception of piston packing rings, the adjacent ends of said sections at their peripheries having an opening between them for admitting lubricant to said chamber in the interior of said piston, means within the peripheries of said sections for rigidly connecting the latter, a connecting rod, means for movably attaching said rod to said sections, and a assage communicating with said chamber or delivering lubricant to said means for movably attaching the connecting rod to said piston sections, whereby the connection between said iston and connecting rod is continuously ubricated.

2. A piston composed of upper and lower sections of the same diameter provided with c linder bearing surfaces, said upper sectlon being formed with a plurality of grooves for the reception of piston packing rings, said sections being spaced at their peripheries to permit the passage of lubricant, each of said sections being provided with a centrally disposed spherical bearing portion, said spherical portions being provided with interengaging threads whereby they may be connected to form a socket bearing for a ball, means for preventi relative rotation of said spherical portlons, a ball located in said socket, and a connecting rod attached to said ball. 7

3. A piston comprising upper and lower sections of the same diameter, each section having a body portion adapted to engage a cylinder and being formed with a centrally disposed integral socket portion proriding a spherical bearing surface, said socket portions being respectively provided with threads whereby they ma be connected and being spaced from the ody portions of the sections and being respectively connected thereto by comparatively'thin webs so as to prevent overheating of the parts, a ball located between and cooperating with Ill said spherical bearing surfaces, and a connecting rod secured to said ball.

. 4. A piston composed of upper and lower sections of the same diameter, said upper section being formed with a plurality of grooves for the reception of piston pee rings and being of less axial height than the lower section, each of said, sections being provided with a centrally disposed spherical bearing portion connected to its respeetive section by webs, and each of said Few preventing relative rotation of said bearing 15 portions, a ball loceted in said socket, end e connecting rod detachably connected to said bell.

in testiniony whereof ii here hereunto set my hand.

WILLIAM L. mess. 

